Get Consulting

Stock & ETFS

What is an ETF?

ETFs are passive investment products that it’s price aims to track the basket of assets under the ETF. In ETF investing, traders do not have to acquire the investment product physically. Mutual funds such as The Vanguard Group, Commonwealth Funds, Morningstar, and BlackRock manage ETFs. A diverse range of companies are contained inside the fund.

An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a passive investment fund traded on global stock exchanges. ETFs are popular financial instruments combining the advantages and benefits of investing in stocks, unlike mutual funds trading, over and above the benefits of trading in Index CFDs. Like other types of funds, ETFs pull together capital from traders into a basket of various investments, including stocks, bonds and other security assets.

ETFs are passive investment products that it’s price aims to track the basket of assets under the ETF. In ETF investing, traders do not have to acquire the investment product physically. Mutual funds such as The Vanguard Group, Commonwealth Funds, Morningstar, and BlackRock manage ETFs. A diverse range of companies are contained inside the fund.

ETFs usually represent several asset classes, which means that the objective of the ETF is to replicate the performance of that asset class. ETFs track specific assets such as stocks, bonds, commodities, and currency indices; thus, traders consider exchange-traded funds (ETFs) as a classic among portfolio diversification investments. ETFs are valuable financial assets that offer numerous advantages and could be an excellent financial instrument for traders to reach their trading goals. In 2021, ETFs reached a volume of $5.83T (USD), with nearly 2,354 ETF products traded on US stock exchanges.

A brief history of ETF trading

ETF trading began in Canada in 1990, following the American Stock Exchange (AMEX) crash of 1987, when physicist Nate Most was commissioned to create a new class of assets. Most created the first exchange-traded fund (ETF) to fuel the AMEX trading basket with a new and revolutionary structured asset class. Nate initially transformed the investing philosophy for institutional investors to execute sophisticated trading strategies. ETFs introduced the markets to the advantages of pooled investing and trading flexibility. The Standard & Poor's Depository Receipts, commonly known as SPDR (SPY), launched in 1993, is still the world’s most popular exchange-traded fund (ETF) with over $400B (USD) in investments.

What is Stocks?

A stock, also known as equity, is a security that represents the ownership of a fraction of the issuing corporation. Units of stock are called "shares" which entitles the owner to a proportion of the corporation's assets and profits equal to how much stock they own.

Stocks are bought and sold predominantly on stock exchanges and are the foundation of many individual investors' portfolios. Stock trades have to conform to government regulations meant to protect investors from fraudulent practices.

A stock is a form of security that indicates the holder has proportionate ownership in the issuing corporation and is sold predominantly on stock exchanges.

Different types of ETFs

The investors’ demand and continuous technological progress have created more than 8000 exchange-traded funds. ETFs are now accessible to traders around the globe with lower ETF pricing access to different financial markets, sectors and asset types.

There are various types of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Some ETFs invest in a variety of stocks and bonds. Some others track the performance of a stock index, like the Standard and Poor’s E-Mini Index (S&P 500 E-Mini) or the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA E-Mini (CBOT), and others track the market performance (IBM Index).

However, different ETFs offer traders different advantages and benefits of portfolio diversification. For instance, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) focused on specific sectors typically offer less diversification than those designed to replicate indices and their performances.

Bond ETFs

Bond exchange-traded funds (ETFs), commonly known as (Fixed Income ETFs) are important for traders in diversifying investment portfolios. Making different investment types is considered a good risk minimisation strategy and practice. Most professional traders also invest in fixed-income and bond ETFs because these investments can provide steady returns at potentially lower risks than equity ETFs.

Bond ETFs are designed to provide exposure to virtually every type of bond available; US Treasury Bonds, corporate and municipal bonds (munis), international, high-yield bonds, etc.

Gold (XAU)

Gold can be Invested in various ways, ranging from purchasing gold directly or owning shares of publicly traded mining firms.

Simple Transactions

Gold ETFs can be bought and sold at any time of the day, as long as the stock exchanges are open. Gold investments are seen by many as a great investment opportunity against inflation when the national currency is declining.

Gold ETFs and Dividends

Many ETFs provide dividends, making them appealing to investors.

These are some companies offering dividends.

  • iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF (IVW.arcx).
  • ProShares UltraPro QQQ ETF (TQQQ.xnms).
  • Vanguard Dividend Appreciation ETF (VIG.arcx).

Always check availability If you are looking for this particular service.

Gold is considered a safe-haven asset due to its regular price increases in response to stock market dips. Meanwhile, investors are placing money into gold ETFs in extensive amounts. Gold ETFs have stayed relatively stable in recent months despite the pandemic outbreak.

Equity ETFs

Equity ETFs track the performance of companies and stocks from specific regions and countries. Equity exchange-traded funds (ETFs) enable trading sectors like medical, techοlogy stocks and banking stocks to amplify traders' and investors' trading opportunities and potentials.

Alternative investment ETFs

Alternative investment ETFs are innovative structures enabling traders to invest in volatility or gain exposure to investment strategies, including covered call writing and currency carry.

Factor ETFs

Factor ETF investing is an investment strategy traders deploy to target specific vessels of returns across asset classes. Professional traders, Institutional investors and active managers have consistently used Factor ETFs trading through rules-based ETFs to manage their investment portfolios.

Inverse ETFs

An inverse ETF fund is an inverse reflection of a target index. For instance inverse funds go up when the target index depreciates, like when traders short-selling a stock due to stock price depreciation. Inverse ETFs are designed to profit from a decline in the underlying market or index.

Market ETFs

Market ETFs are designed to track a particular index like the SPY.ARC (Standard & Poors 500), and the STW.AXW (Australia 200 Index Cash).

Specialty ETFs

Specialty ETFs have two fund types that have emerged recently to meet specific needs for leveraged funds and inverse funds. These specialty ETFs offer much greater growth potential and a much higher risk.

Sustainable ETFs

Sustainable ETF trading combines different investment styles focusing on funds, either promoting sustainable economic models or markets. Sustainable ETFs include investment styles and socio-environmental, socio-economic and governmental insights. The main driving forces of the sustainable ETFs market are the ever-changing geopolitical risks such as demographic shifts, government regulations and laws.

Commodity ETFs

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are ideal for getting into commodities like gold (XAU), silver (XAG), oil (WTI, XBR, XTI) and other attractive stock alternatives for portfolio diversification and risk management. Commodity ETFs often do not directly own the underlying asset, like gold (XAU), but use derivatives instead. Commodity derivatives track the commodity's underlying price but often carry more risk, such as counterparty risks, than an exchange-traded fund (ETF) that owns the underlying asset directly.

Physically Backed ETF

Gold (XAU) is a prominent physically-backed ETF. Gold can be utilised in various ways; some people hedge against stock market volatility, US dollar weakness, and inflation. Gold is a simple instrument with gold bullion stockpiled in secure vaults. The price of this ETF will likely fluctuate in tandem with spot gold prices.

Gold mining investing

Investing in gold mining is generally seen as a long-term investment. Gold mostly outperforms all other precious metals. However, there are always risks to every investment.

The issuers organisation purchases and holds gold bars or invests in gold-related businesses with other ETFs. Investors subscribe to the funds shares, which vary in value (in tandem) with the price of gold or corporate stock.

Currency ETFs

Currency ETFs invest in currency and groups of currencies such as the United States Dollar (USD) or a basket of currencies. Currency ETFs trading is when traders invest either a single currency or currency derivatives or a group of currencies and currency derivatives. Traders consider currency derivatives to be currying additional risks to the ETF in some cases. In currency ETF investing, traders mainly buy the underlying currency when the market price rises. However, currency ETFs can be used by traders for hedging purposes to protect their investment portfolios and avoid potential currency risks.

Actively managed ETFs

Actively managed ETFs aim to outperform a single or a basket of indices, unlike most ETFs designed to track an index.

Exchange-traded notes (ETNs)

Exchange-traded notes (ETNs) are debt securities of illiquid markets backed by the credit reliability of issuing banks.

Foreign market ETFs

Foreign market ETFs are designed to track the Japanese Nikkei Index, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index, the S&P/ASX 200 index (Standard & Poor's and Australian Securities Exchange 200) and other non-US markets.

Leveraged ETFs

Leveraged funds are marketable securities that aim to amplify potential profits on a trade or investment by borrowing capital in the form of leverage to invest. ETFs ratios may vary depending on the underlying asset a trader wants to target.

Sector and Industry ETFs

Sector and industry ETFs are designed to provide exposure to particular industries, such as oil, pharmaceutical, or tech companies.

Style ETFs

Style ETFs track an investment style or market capitalisation focus, including value and growth, such as large-cap value, medium-cap, and small-cap growth stocks.

How does ETF trading work?

An ETF (exchange-traded fund) is a class of securities traders buy or sell through a brokerage firm on the stock exchange. In ETF investing, traders do not have to acquire the investment product physically. ETFs are popular financial instruments combining the advantages and benefits of investing in stocks and trading mutual funds. ETFs pull together capital from traders into a basket of various investments, including stocks, bonds, and other security assets.

ETFs work in a similar way to stock trading, meaning that the underlying assets’ owner creates a fund to track the underlying assets performance and sells shares to investors participating in the fund. Thus, shareholders own a percentage of the exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and not the underlying asset in the fund. However, unlike a company stock, the number of outstanding shares of an exchange-traded fund (ETF) can change daily due to the everchanging creation of new shares and the redemption of existing shares.

ETF issuers create baskets of underlying securities, including commodities, bonds, currencies, and stocks, under a unique ticker symbol and intraday price data. The underlying securities

are always in line with the exchange-traded fund market price because of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) capability to continuously redeem shares. Financial institutions use the arbitrage mechanism to control any unexpected price fluctuations in the case of ETF market price deviations from the underlying asset value. ETFs are usually offered at lower fees than other types of funds and are also considered easy to trade by some traders and investors.

Traders should always consider the risks before investing in any financial instrument.

Introduction to Stocks Market

What Are Stocks?

A stock, also known as equity, is a security that represents the ownership of a fraction of the issuing corporation. Units of stock are called "shares" which entitles the owner to a proportion of the corporation's assets and profits equal to how much stock they own.

Stocks are bought and sold predominantly on stock exchanges and are the foundation of many individual investors' portfolios. Stock trades have to conform to government regulations meant to protect investors from fraudulent practices.

There are two ways to earn money by owning shares of stock is through dividends and capital appreciation. Dividends are cash distributions of company profits. If a company has 1,000 shares outstanding and declares a $5,000 dividend, then stockholders will get $5 for each share they own. Capital appreciation is the increase in the share price itself. If you sell a share to someone for $10, and the stock is later worth $11, the shareholder has made $1.

All investments have a degree of risk. Stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds can lose value if market conditions decline. When you invest, you make choices about what to do with your financial assets. Your investment value might rise or fall because of market conditions or corporate decisions, such as whether to expand into a new area of business or merge with another company. Historically, stocks have outperformed most other investments over the long run.

Understanding Stocks

Corporations issue stock to raise funds to operate their businesses and the holder of stock, a shareholder, may have a claim to part of the company's assets and earnings. A shareholder is considered an owner of the issuing company, determined by the number of shares an investor owns relative to the number of outstanding shares. If a company has 1,000 shares of stock outstanding and one person owns 100 shares, that person would own and have a claim to 10% of the company's assets and earnings.

Stockholders do not own a corporation but corporations are a special type of organization because the law treats them as legal persons. Corporations file taxes. can borrow, can own property, and can be sued. The idea that a corporation is a “person” means that the corporation owns its assets. A corporate office full of chairs and tables belongs to the corporation, and not to the shareholders.

Corporate property is legally separated from the property of shareholders, which limits the liability of both the corporation and the shareholder. If the corporation goes bankrupt, a judge may order all of its assets sold but a shareholder's assets are not at risk. The court cannot force you to sell your shares, although the value of your shares may have fallen. Likewise, if a major shareholder goes bankrupt, they cannot sell the company’s assets to pay their creditors.

What Is Shareholder Ownership?

What shareholders own are shares issued by the corporation, and the corporation owns the assets held by a firm. If you own 33% of the shares of a company, it is incorrect to assert that you own one-third of that company. However, you do own one-third of the companys shares. This is known as the “separation of ownership and control.”

Owning stock gives you the right to vote in shareholder meetings, receive dividends if and when they are distributed, and the right to sell your shares to somebody else. If you own a majority of shares, your voting power increases so that you can indirectly control the direction of a company by appointing its board of directors. This becomes most apparent when one company buys another. The acquiring company buys all the outstanding shares. The board of directors is responsible for increasing the value of the corporation and often does so by hiring professional managers, or officers, such as the chief executive officer, or CEO. Ordinary shareholders do not manage the company. The importance of being a shareholder is that you are entitled to a portion of the company's profits, which is the foundation of a stocks value. The more shares you own, the larger the portion of the profits you get. Many stocks, however, do not pay out dividends and instead reinvest profits back into growing the company. These retained earnings, however, are still reflected in the value of a stock.

-->